| Centaurea diffusa
LAM.
(1785) Encycl. 1: 675. |
|
Typus:
"Carduus orientalis caicitrapae folio, flore minimo. tournef.
cor. 31", P-LAM
(holo-) |
|
Synonyms /
Synonyme:
|
= Acrolophus diffusus
(LAM.) Á. LÖVE
& D. LÖVE (1961) in Bot. Not. 114: 44.
= Acosta diffusa SOJÁK (1972) in Cas. Nár. Muz., Odd. Prír. 140:
134. |
|
|
Chromosome
no. / Chromosomenzahl (2n): 18, 36 (Georgiadis
& Phitos 1976, Kuzmanov et al. 1981, Moore & Frankton 1954, Powell et al. 1974,
Taylor & Taylor 1977, Tonjan 1968, Uhrikova & Májovský 1977 u. 1978, Kuzmanov et
al. 1979 u. 1981, Van Loon & De Jong 1978, Ochsmann 1999) |
|
Life form /
Lebensform: (annual to)
biennual,
monocarpic |
|
Distribution
/ Verbreitung:
- Indigenous from SE Europe to
W Asia (RUS, UA, GR, MAK, BG, RO, H, TR)
- Intoduced into Central
Europe (D, CH, FL, B, A, F, I) and N America (CAN, USA).
- Distribution map for NW America from
Invaders Database System
- Distribution map for
N America from
Flora of North America
|
|
|
Common
Names / Volksnamen: E. diffuse knapweed,
tumble-knapweed, white knapweed; F. centaurée diffuse;
G.
Sparrige Flockenblume; It. Fiordaliso diffuso; Swed.
spretklint |
|
Images / Bilder:
 |
- Hayek (1901: tab.
VIII, fig. 7)
- Prodan (1930: tab. IV,
fig. 10 et tab.
XXXIII)
- Prodan & Nyárády
(1964: 841, tab. 170, fig. 2)
- Watson & Renney (1974:
688)
|
|
Molecular
data / molekulare Daten: ITS
1 (EMBL database): AJ402890; IGS (EMBL
database): AJ405093, AJ405124 |
|
Herbivores /
Schadinsekten: (Cornell Univ., Biological
Control): Agapeta
zoegana, Cyphocleonus achates, Pterolonche inspersa, Sphenoptera jugoslavica, Urophora affinis |
|
References /
Literatur:
- Callaway, R.M. & Aschehoug, E.T. 2000:
Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors: A mechanism for exotic invasion. -
Science 290: 521-523.
- Campobasso, G. Sobhian, R., Knutson, L., Pastorino, A.C. &
Dunn, P.H. 1994: Biology of Pterolonche inspersa (Lep.: Pterolonchidae), a
biological control agent for Centaurea diffusa and C. maculosa in the
United States. - Entomophaga 39(3-4): 377-384.
- Harris, P. 1980: Effects of Urophora affinis Frfld.
and U. quadrifasciata (Meig.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Centaurea diffusa
Lam. and C. maculosa Lam. - Z. Angew. Entomol. 90: 190-201.
- Harris, P. & Cranston, R. 1979: An economic evaluation of
control methods for diffuse and spotted knapweed in western Canada. - Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 59:
375-382.
- Harrod, R.J. & Taylor, R.J. 1995:
Reproduction and pollination biology of Centaurea and Acroptilon
species, with emphasis on C. diffusa. - Northwest Sci. 69(2):
97-105.
- Maddox, D.M. 1982: Biological control of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea
diffusa) and spotted knapweed (C. maculosa). - Weed Sci. 30:
76-82.Myers, J.H. & Berube, D.E. 1983: Diffuse knapweed invasion into rangeland in the
dry interior of British Columbia. - Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 63: 981-987.
- Popova, A.Y. 1960: [Centaurea diffusa LAM., a
steppe-pasture weed in the Crimea.] - Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 45:
1207-1213. [in Russian]
- Powell, R.D. 1990: The role of spatial pattern in the
population biology of Centaurea diffusa. - J. Ecol. 78(2):
374-388.
- Powell, R.D. and Myers, J.H. (1988) The effect of Sphenoptera
jugoslavica Obenb. (Col., Burprestidae) on its host plant Centaurea diffusa
Lam. (Compositae). J. Appl. Ent. 106: 25-45.
- Schirman, R. 1981: Seed production and spring seedling
establishment of diffuse and spotted knapweed. - J. Range Managem. 34(1):
45-47.Sheley, R.L., Jacobs, J.S. & Carpinelli, M.F. 1998: Distribution, Biology, and
Management of Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea
maculosa). - Weed Technol. 12(2): 353-362.
- Thompson, D.J. & Stout, D.G. 1990: Duration of the
juvenile period in diffusa knapweed (Centaurea diffusa). - Canad. J. Bot. 69:
368-371.
- Watson, A.K. & Renney, A.J. 1974: The biology of Canadian
weeds. 6. Centaurea diffusa and C. maculosa. - Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 54:
687-701.
- Zimmerman, J.A.C. 1997: Ecology and distribution of Centaurea
diffusa LAM., Asteraceae. U.S. Geological Service- Biological Resources Division
Colorado Plateau Research Station - Flagstaff, Arizona, Flagstaff, Arizona. [http://www.usgs.nau.edu/swemp/Info_pages/plants/Centaurea_diffusa/diffusa.html]
- Zwölfer, H. (1976) Investigations on Sphenoptera (Chilostetha)
jugoslavica Obenb. (Col., Buprestidae), a possible biocontrol agent of the weed Centaurea
diffusa Lam. (Compositae) in Canada. Z. ang. Ent. 80:170-190.
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Remarks
/ Anmerkungen: Die Sippe tritt in Deutschland verwildert auf Bahnanlagen,
in Häfen und anderen Ruderalstandorten in der Nähe von Verkehrswegen auf, wo sie stabile
Populationen aufbaut. Sie ist offenbar in Ausbreitung begriffen. Wenn die Art zusammen mit
C stoebe vorkommt, kann es zu spontaner Bastardierung kommen (vgl. RECHINGER,
1950; SCHABERG, 1965; HERDAM et al., 1993). |
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(last updated: 29.01.2007) |